He sought major changes to Social Security and immigration laws, but both efforts failed. Also in 2003, he signed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, which created Medicare Part D.ĭuring his second term, Bush reached multiple free trade agreements and successfully nominated John Roberts and Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court. He also pushed for socially conservative efforts, such as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and faith-based welfare initiatives. Before 9/11, Bush had pushed through a $1.3 trillion tax cut program and the No Child Left Behind Act, a major education bill. Intense criticism came when neither WMD stockpiles nor evidence of an operational relationship with al-Qaeda were found. In 2003, Bush ordered an invasion of Iraq, alleging that the Saddam Hussein regime possessed weapons of mass destruction. He also signed the controversial Patriot Act in order to authorize surveillance of suspected terrorists. He ordered an invasion of Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban, destroy the terrorist group al-Qaeda, and capture Osama bin Laden. In its aftermath, Congress created the United States Department of Homeland Security and Bush declared a global war on terrorism. Bush was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election.Ī decisive event reshaping his administration was the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Four years later, in the 2004 presidential election, he defeated Democrat nominee John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, took office following a narrow victory over Democratic incumbent vice president Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Bush, a Republican from Texas and the eldest son of George H. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009. Presidents List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date. president never affiliated with a political party. Concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, political factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, no organized parties existed. Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his presidency. Kennedy), and one resigned ( Richard Nixon, facing impeachment and removal from office). Roosevelt), four were assassinated ( Abraham Lincoln, James A. įour presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once. president to have served more than two terms. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. The first president, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College one, Grover Cleveland, served two non-consecutive terms and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, giving rise to the discrepancy between the number of presidencies and the number of persons who have served as president. Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 46 presidencies. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College. The White House, official residence of the president of the United States, pictured in May 2006
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